Arduino – Don Luc Electronics

Project #12: Robotics – Web Server – Mk32

February 18, 2026 by DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Camera #ESP32CAM #ESP32 #IoT #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

ESP32-CAM Video Streaming Web Server

ESP32-CAM to stream live feed from the OV2640 camera to a Cell Phones browser.

DL2602Mk04

1 x ESP32-CAM
1 x OV2640 Camera
1 x ESP32-CAM-MB Adapter
1 x Cell Phones
1 x USB Battery Pack
1 x Micro USB Cable

DL2602Mk04p

DL2602Mk04p.ino

/****** Don Luc Electronics © ******
Software Version Information
Project #12: Robotics - Web Server - Mk32
12-32
DL2602Mk04p.ino
DL2602Mk04
1 x ESP32-CAM
1 x OV2640 Camera
1 x ESP32-CAM-MB Adapter
1 x Cell Phones
1 x USB Battery Pack
1 x Micro USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
 // ESP Camera
#include "esp_camera.h"
// WifI
#include <WiFi.h>

//#define CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
const char* ssid1 = "Robot_Mk32";
const char* password1 = "";

// Pin definition for CAMERA_MODEL_AI_THINKER
#define PWDN_GPIO_NUM     32
#define RESET_GPIO_NUM    -1
#define XCLK_GPIO_NUM      0
#define SIOD_GPIO_NUM     26
#define SIOC_GPIO_NUM     27
#define Y9_GPIO_NUM       35
#define Y8_GPIO_NUM       34
#define Y7_GPIO_NUM       39
#define Y6_GPIO_NUM       36
#define Y5_GPIO_NUM       21
#define Y4_GPIO_NUM       19
#define Y3_GPIO_NUM       18
#define Y2_GPIO_NUM        5
#define VSYNC_GPIO_NUM    25
#define HREF_GPIO_NUM     23
#define PCLK_GPIO_NUM     22

// WiFi Addr
extern String WiFiAddr ="";

// Camera Server
void startCameraServer();

// Software Version Information
String sver = "12-32";

void loop() {
  
}

app_httpd.cpp

// WiFi Server
#include "esp_http_server.h"
// Timer
#include "esp_timer.h"
// Camera
#include "esp_camera.h"
// Converters
#include "img_converters.h"
// Camera Index
#include "camera_index.h"
// Arduino
#include "Arduino.h"
// LED
#include "driver/ledc.h"
// Disable brownout problems
#include "soc/soc.h"
// Disable brownout problems
#include "soc/rtc_cntl_reg.h" 
// Driver
#include "driver/rtc_io.h"

// WiFi
extern String WiFiAddr;

// 
typedef struct {
        size_t size; //number of values used for filtering
        size_t index; //current value index
        size_t count; //value count
        int sum;
        int * values; //array to be filled with values
} ra_filter_t;

typedef struct {
        httpd_req_t *req;
        size_t len;
} jpg_chunking_t;

#define PART_BOUNDARY "123456789000000000000987654321"
static const char* _STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE = "multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=" PART_BOUNDARY;
static const char* _STREAM_BOUNDARY = "\r\n--" PART_BOUNDARY "\r\n";
static const char* _STREAM_PART = "Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\nContent-Length: %u\r\n\r\n";

static ra_filter_t ra_filter;
httpd_handle_t stream_httpd = NULL;
httpd_handle_t camera_httpd = NULL;

static ra_filter_t * ra_filter_init(ra_filter_t * filter, size_t sample_size){
    memset(filter, 0, sizeof(ra_filter_t));

    filter->values = (int *)malloc(sample_size * sizeof(int));
    if(!filter->values){
        return NULL;
    }
    memset(filter->values, 0, sample_size * sizeof(int));

    filter->size = sample_size;
    return filter;
}

static int ra_filter_run(ra_filter_t * filter, int value){
    if(!filter->values){
        return value;
    }
    filter->sum -= filter->values[filter->index];
    filter->values[filter->index] = value;
    filter->sum += filter->values[filter->index];
    filter->index++;
    filter->index = filter->index % filter->size;
    if (filter->count < filter->size) {
        filter->count++;
    }
    return filter->sum / filter->count;
}

static size_t jpg_encode_stream(void * arg, size_t index, const void* data, size_t len){
    jpg_chunking_t *j = (jpg_chunking_t *)arg;
    if(!index){
        j->len = 0;
    }
    if(httpd_resp_send_chunk(j->req, (const char *)data, len) != ESP_OK){
        return 0;
    }
    j->len += len;
    return len;
}

static esp_err_t capture_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
    camera_fb_t * fb = NULL;
    esp_err_t res = ESP_OK;
    int64_t fr_start = esp_timer_get_time();

    fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
    if (!fb) {
        //Serial.printf("Camera capture failed");
        httpd_resp_send_500(req);
        return ESP_FAIL;
    }

    httpd_resp_set_type(req, "image/jpeg");
    httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Content-Disposition", "inline; filename=capture.jpg");

    size_t fb_len = 0;
    if(fb->format == PIXFORMAT_JPEG){
        fb_len = fb->len;
        res = httpd_resp_send(req, (const char *)fb->buf, fb->len);
    } else {
        jpg_chunking_t jchunk = {req, 0};
        res = frame2jpg_cb(fb, 80, jpg_encode_stream, &jchunk)?ESP_OK:ESP_FAIL;
        httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, NULL, 0);
        fb_len = jchunk.len;
    }
    esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
    int64_t fr_end = esp_timer_get_time();
    Serial.printf("JPG: %uB %ums", (uint32_t)(fb_len), (uint32_t)((fr_end - fr_start)/1000));
    return res;
}

static esp_err_t stream_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
    camera_fb_t * fb = NULL;
    esp_err_t res = ESP_OK;
    size_t _jpg_buf_len = 0;
    uint8_t * _jpg_buf = NULL;
    char * part_buf[64];

    static int64_t last_frame = 0;
    if(!last_frame) {
        last_frame = esp_timer_get_time();
    }

    res = httpd_resp_set_type(req, _STREAM_CONTENT_TYPE);
    if(res != ESP_OK){
        return res;
    }

    while(true){
        fb = esp_camera_fb_get();
        if (!fb) {
            Serial.printf("Camera capture failed");
            res = ESP_FAIL;
        } else {
            if(fb->format != PIXFORMAT_JPEG){
                bool jpeg_converted = frame2jpg(fb, 80, &_jpg_buf, &_jpg_buf_len);
                esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
                fb = NULL;
                if(!jpeg_converted){
                    Serial.printf("JPEG compression failed");
                    res = ESP_FAIL;
                }
            } else {
                _jpg_buf_len = fb->len;
                _jpg_buf = fb->buf;
            }
        }
        if(res == ESP_OK){
            size_t hlen = snprintf((char *)part_buf, 64, _STREAM_PART, _jpg_buf_len);
            res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)part_buf, hlen);
        }
        if(res == ESP_OK){
            res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, (const char *)_jpg_buf, _jpg_buf_len);
        }
        if(res == ESP_OK){
            res = httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, _STREAM_BOUNDARY, strlen(_STREAM_BOUNDARY));
        }
        if(fb){
            esp_camera_fb_return(fb);
            fb = NULL;
            _jpg_buf = NULL;
        } else if(_jpg_buf){
            free(_jpg_buf);
            _jpg_buf = NULL;
        }
        if(res != ESP_OK){
            break;
        }
        int64_t fr_end = esp_timer_get_time();

        int64_t frame_time = fr_end - last_frame;
        last_frame = fr_end;
        frame_time /= 1000;
        uint32_t avg_frame_time = ra_filter_run(&ra_filter, frame_time);
        Serial.printf("MJPG: %uB %ums (%.1ffps), AVG: %ums (%.1ffps)"
            ,(uint32_t)(_jpg_buf_len),
            (uint32_t)frame_time, 1000.0 / (uint32_t)frame_time,
            avg_frame_time, 1000.0 / avg_frame_time
        );
    }

    last_frame = 0;
    return res;
}

static esp_err_t cmd_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
    char*  buf;
    size_t buf_len;
    char variable[32] = {0,};
    char value[32] = {0,};

    buf_len = httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req) + 1;
    if (buf_len > 1) {
        buf = (char*)malloc(buf_len);
        if(!buf){
            httpd_resp_send_500(req);
            return ESP_FAIL;
        }
        if (httpd_req_get_url_query_str(req, buf, buf_len) == ESP_OK) {
            if (httpd_query_key_value(buf, "var", variable, sizeof(variable)) == ESP_OK &&
                httpd_query_key_value(buf, "val", value, sizeof(value)) == ESP_OK) {
            } else {
                free(buf);
                httpd_resp_send_404(req);
                return ESP_FAIL;
            }
        } else {
            free(buf);
            httpd_resp_send_404(req);
            return ESP_FAIL;
        }
        free(buf);
    } else {
        httpd_resp_send_404(req);
        return ESP_FAIL;
    }

    int val = atoi(value);
    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    int res = 0;

    if(!strcmp(variable, "framesize")) {
        if(s->pixformat == PIXFORMAT_JPEG) res = s->set_framesize(s, (framesize_t)val);
    }
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "quality")) res = s->set_quality(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "contrast")) res = s->set_contrast(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "brightness")) res = s->set_brightness(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "saturation")) res = s->set_saturation(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "gainceiling")) res = s->set_gainceiling(s, (gainceiling_t)val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "colorbar")) res = s->set_colorbar(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "awb")) res = s->set_whitebal(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "agc")) res = s->set_gain_ctrl(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "aec")) res = s->set_exposure_ctrl(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "hmirror")) res = s->set_hmirror(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "vflip")) res = s->set_vflip(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "awb_gain")) res = s->set_awb_gain(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "agc_gain")) res = s->set_agc_gain(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "aec_value")) res = s->set_aec_value(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "aec2")) res = s->set_aec2(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "dcw")) res = s->set_dcw(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "bpc")) res = s->set_bpc(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "wpc")) res = s->set_wpc(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "raw_gma")) res = s->set_raw_gma(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "lenc")) res = s->set_lenc(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "special_effect")) res = s->set_special_effect(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "wb_mode")) res = s->set_wb_mode(s, val);
    else if(!strcmp(variable, "ae_level")) res = s->set_ae_level(s, val);
    else {
        res = -1;
    }

    if(res){
        return httpd_resp_send_500(req);
    }

    httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    return httpd_resp_send(req, NULL, 0);
}

static esp_err_t status_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
    static char json_response[1024];

    sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
    char * p = json_response;
    *p++ = '{';

    p+=sprintf(p, "\"framesize\":%u,", s->status.framesize);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"quality\":%u,", s->status.quality);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"brightness\":%d,", s->status.brightness);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"contrast\":%d,", s->status.contrast);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"saturation\":%d,", s->status.saturation);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"special_effect\":%u,", s->status.special_effect);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"wb_mode\":%u,", s->status.wb_mode);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"awb\":%u,", s->status.awb);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"awb_gain\":%u,", s->status.awb_gain);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"aec\":%u,", s->status.aec);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"aec2\":%u,", s->status.aec2);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"ae_level\":%d,", s->status.ae_level);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"aec_value\":%u,", s->status.aec_value);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"agc\":%u,", s->status.agc);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"agc_gain\":%u,", s->status.agc_gain);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"gainceiling\":%u,", s->status.gainceiling);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"bpc\":%u,", s->status.bpc);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"wpc\":%u,", s->status.wpc);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"raw_gma\":%u,", s->status.raw_gma);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"lenc\":%u,", s->status.lenc);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"hmirror\":%u,", s->status.hmirror);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"dcw\":%u,", s->status.dcw);
    p+=sprintf(p, "\"colorbar\":%u", s->status.colorbar);
    *p++ = '}';
    *p++ = 0;
    httpd_resp_set_type(req, "application/json");
    httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, "Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
    return httpd_resp_send(req, json_response, strlen(json_response));
}

static esp_err_t index_handler(httpd_req_t *req){
   httpd_resp_set_type(req, "text/html");
   String page = "";
page += "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0\">\n";
page +="<style>.test{-moz-user-select: none;-o-user-select:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;}</style>";

page += "<script>var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();</script>";
page += "<script>function getsend(arg) { xhttp.open('GET', arg +'?' + new Date().getTime(), true); xhttp.send() } </script>";
//page += "<p align=center><IMG SRC='http://" + WiFiAddr + ":81/stream' style='width:280px;'></p><br/><br/>";
page += "<p align=center><IMG SRC='http://" + WiFiAddr + ":81/stream' style='width:300px; transform:rotate(0deg);'></p><br/><br/>";
page +="<div unselectable=\"on\" onselectstart=\"return false\">";
//page += "<p align=center> <button style=background-color:Green;width:90px;height:80px onmousedown=getsend('go') onmouseup=getsend('stop') ontouchstart=getsend('go') ontouchend=getsend('stop') ><b>Forward</b></button> </p>";
page += "<p align=center>";
//page += "<button style=background-color:Green;width:90px;height:80px; onmousedown=getsend('left') onmouseup=getsend('stop') ontouchstart=getsend('left') ontouchend=getsend('stop')><b>Left</b></button> ";
//page += "<button style=background-color:Red;width:90px;height:80px onmousedown=getsend('stop') onmouseup=getsend('stop')><b>Stop</b></button> ";
//page += "<button style=background-color:Green;width:90px;height:80px onmousedown=getsend('right') onmouseup=getsend('stop') ontouchstart=getsend('right') ontouchend=getsend('stop')><b>Right</b></button>";
page += "</p>";

//page += "<p align=center><button style=background-color:Green;width:90px;height:80px onmousedown=getsend('back') onmouseup=getsend('stop') ontouchstart=getsend('back') ontouchend=getsend('stop') ><b>Backward</b></button></p>";  

page += "<p align=center>";
//page += "<button style=background-color:yellow;width:140px;height:40px onmousedown=getsend('ledon')><b>Light ON</b></button>";
//page += "<button style=background-color:yellow;width:140px;height:40px onmousedown=getsend('ledoff')><b>Light OFF</b></button>";
page += "</p>";
page +="</div>";

   return httpd_resp_send(req, &page[0], strlen(&page[0]));
}
void startCameraServer(){
    httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
    httpd_uri_t index_uri = {
        .uri       = "/",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = index_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
    };

    httpd_uri_t status_uri = {
        .uri       = "/status",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = status_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
    };

    httpd_uri_t cmd_uri = {
        .uri       = "/control",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = cmd_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
    };

    httpd_uri_t capture_uri = {
        .uri       = "/capture",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = capture_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
    };

   httpd_uri_t stream_uri = {
        .uri       = "/stream",
        .method    = HTTP_GET,
        .handler   = stream_handler,
        .user_ctx  = NULL
    };


    ra_filter_init(&ra_filter, 20);
    Serial.printf("Starting web server on port: '%d'", config.server_port);
    if (httpd_start(&camera_httpd, &config) == ESP_OK) {
        httpd_register_uri_handler(camera_httpd, &index_uri);

    }

    config.server_port += 1;
    config.ctrl_port += 1;
    Serial.printf("Starting stream server on port: '%d'", config.server_port);
    if (httpd_start(&stream_httpd, &config) == ESP_OK) {
        httpd_register_uri_handler(stream_httpd, &stream_uri);
    }
}

camera_index.h

// Camera
#define index_html_gz_len 3635
const uint8_t index_html_gz[] = {
 0x1F, 0x8B, 0x08, 0x08, 0x8A, 0xF8, 0xFE, 0x5B, 0x00, 0x03, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x64, 0x65, 0x78, 0x2E,
 0x68, 0x74, 0x6D, 0x6C, 0x00, 0xDD, 0x5C, 0xFD, 0x72, 0xDA, 0xB8, 0x16, 0xFF, 0x7F, 0x9F, 0xC2,
 0x71, 0x77, 0x8B, 0x3D, 0x6B, 0x08, 0x10, 0x92, 0xA6, 0x26, 0x90, 0x0D, 0x84, 0xB6, 0x3B, 0xD3,
 0xAF, 0x6D, 0xF6, 0xEE, 0xEE, 0xCC, 0xCE, 0x4E, 0x2B, 0x6C, 0x19, 0xD4, 0x18, 0x8B, 0xDA, 0x72,
 0x80, 0xB2, 0x7E, 0x8E, 0xFB, 0x40, 0xF7, 0xC5, 0xEE, 0x91, 0x64, 0x1B, 0x9B, 0x8F, 0x10, 0xA0,
 0x85, 0x4E, 0x9B, 0x19, 0x90, 0xE5, 0xA3, 0xA3, 0x73, 0xCE, 0xEF, 0x7C, 0x48, 0xC6, 0xEA, 0xC5,
 0x91, 0x4D, 0x2D, 0x36, 0x19, 0x62, 0xA5, 0xCF, 0x06, 0x6E, 0xF3, 0x87, 0x0B, 0xF9, 0xA5, 0xC0,
 0xBF, 0x8B, 0x3E, 0x46, 0xB6, 0x6C, 0x8A, 0xCB, 0x01, 0x66, 0x48, 0xB1, 0xFA, 0xC8, 0x0F, 0x30,
 0x6B, 0xA8, 0x21, 0x73, 0x8A, 0xE7, 0xEA, 0xFC, 0x6D, 0x0F, 0x0D, 0x70, 0x43, 0xBD, 0x23, 0x78,
 0x34, 0xA4, 0x3E, 0x53, 0x15, 0x8B, 0x7A, 0x0C, 0x7B, 0x40, 0x3E, 0x22, 0x36, 0xEB, 0x37, 0x6C,
 0x7C, 0x47, 0x2C, 0x5C, 0x14, 0x17, 0x06, 0xF1, 0x08, 0x23, 0xC8, 0x2D, 0x06, 0x16, 0x72, 0x71,
 0xA3, 0x92, 0xE5, 0xC5, 0x08, 0x73, 0x71, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xF3, 0xF6, 0xA4, 0xAA, 0xBC, 0xF9, 0xA3,
 0x5A, 0x3B, 0x2B, 0x5F, 0x1C, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x19, 0x4D, 0xC0, 0x26, 0xFC, 0xBA, 0x4B, 0xED, 0xC9,
 0xD4, 0x81, 0x69, 0x8A, 0x0E, 0x1A, 0x10, 0x77, 0x62, 0x5E, 0xF9, 0xC0, 0xD4, 0x78, 0x81, 0xDD,
 0x3B, 0xCC, 0x88, 0x85, 0x8C, 0x00, 0x79, 0x41, 0x31, 0xC0, 0x3E, 0x71, 0xEA, 0x5D, 0x64, 0xDD,
 0xF6, 0x7C, 0x1A, 0x7A, 0xB6, 0xF9, 0xA8, 0x72, 0xCE, 0xFF, 0xEA, 0x16, 0x75, 0xA9, 0x6F, 0x3E,
 0xEA, 0x3C, 0xE3, 0x7F, 0x75, 0xC1, 0x27, 0x20, 0x9F, 0xB1, 0x59, 0x39, 0x1B, 0x8E, 0xA3, 0x7E,
 0x75, 0x9A, 0xE9, 0x39, 0x87, 0x9E, 0x00, 0x5B, 0x8C, 0x50, 0xAF, 0x34, 0x40, 0xC4, 0x9B, 0xDA,
 0x24, 0x18, 0xBA, 0x68, 0x62, 0x3A, 0x2E, 0x1E, 0x47, 0x8F, 0x06, 0xD8, 0x0B, 0x8D, 0xDC, 0x7D,
 0xDE, 0x5F, 0xB4, 0x89, 0x2F, 0xFB, 0x4C, 0x98, 0x2A, 0x1C, 0x78, 0x92, 0x30, 0x1D, 0xEB, 0x51,
 0x0F, 0xD7, 0x05, 0xE1, 0xC8, 0x47, 0x43, 0xB8, 0xE4, 0x5F, 0xF5, 0x01, 0xF1, 0xA4, 0x91, 0xCC,
 0x93, 0x5A, 0x79, 0x38, 0xCE, 0x09, 0x7E, 0x72, 0xC6, 0xFF, 0xEA, 0x43, 0x64, 0xDB, 0xC4, 0xEB,
 0x99, 0xE7, 0xFC, 0x36, 0xF5, 0x6D, 0xEC, 0x17, 0x7D, 0x64, 0x93, 0x30, 0x30, 0x6B, 0xD0, 0x33,
 0x40, 0x7E, 0x0F, 0x78, 0x30, 0x3A, 0x34, 0x8B, 0x95, 0xF2, 0xAC, 0xC3, 0x27, 0xBD, 0x3E, 0x33,
 0x79, 0x4F, 0xF4, 0x28, 0xC6, 0x26, 0xA7, 0x46, 0x46, 0x14, 0x21, 0x08, 0x72, 0x49, 0xCF, 0x2B,
 0x12, 0x86, 0x07, 0x81, 0x19, 0x30, 0x1F, 0x33, 0xAB, 0x1F, 0x39, 0xA4, 0x17, 0xFA, 0x78, 0x9A,
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 0x4C, 0x00, 0x00
};

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup()
{
 
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.setDebugOutput(true);
  Serial.println();
  
  // Delay
  delay( 100 );

  // Camera Setup
  camera_config_t config;
  config.ledc_channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0;
  config.ledc_timer = LEDC_TIMER_0;
  config.pin_d0 = Y2_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d1 = Y3_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d2 = Y4_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d3 = Y5_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d4 = Y6_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d5 = Y7_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d6 = Y8_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_d7 = Y9_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_xclk = XCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pclk = PCLK_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_vsync = VSYNC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_href = HREF_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_sda = SIOD_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_sscb_scl = SIOC_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_pwdn = PWDN_GPIO_NUM;
  config.pin_reset = RESET_GPIO_NUM;
  config.xclk_freq_hz = 20000000;
  config.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;

  // Init with high specs to pre-allocate larger buffers
  if(psramFound()){
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_UXGA;
    config.jpeg_quality = 10;
    config.fb_count = 2;
  } else {
    config.frame_size = FRAMESIZE_SVGA;
    config.jpeg_quality = 12;
    config.fb_count = 1;
  }

  // Camera init
  esp_err_t err = esp_camera_init(&config);
  if (err != ESP_OK) {
    //Serial.printf("Camera init failed with error 0x%x", err);
    return;
  }

  // Drop down frame size for higher initial frame rate
  sensor_t * s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
  // 320x240 for better WiFi performance
  s->set_framesize(s, FRAMESIZE_QVGA);  
  
  // Set camera rotation 180 degrees
  // Horizontal mirror
  s->set_hmirror(s, 0);  
  // Vertical flip
  s->set_vflip(s, 1);    

  // WiFi
  WiFi.softAP(ssid1, password1);
  IPAddress myIP = WiFi.softAPIP();
  
  Serial.print("AP IP address: ");
  Serial.println(myIP);

  Serial.print("Camera Ready! Use 'http://");
  Serial.print(WiFi.softAPIP());
  //WiFi.softAPIP();
  WiFiAddr = WiFi.softAPIP().toString();
  Serial.println("' to connect");

  startCameraServer();

  // Delay 1 Second
  //delay( 1000 );

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Consultant, R&D, Electronics, IoT, Teacher and Instructor

Programming Language
Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Arm, Silicon Labs, Espressif, Etc…)
IoT
Wireless (Radio Frequency, Bluetooth, WiFi, Etc…)
Robotics
Automation
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank , Underwater and UAV Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial, Marine and UAV
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
RTOS
Sensors, eHealth Sensors, Biosensor, and Biometric
Research & Development (R & D)
Consulting

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Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2026
https://www.donluc.com/luc/LucPaquinCVEng2026Mk01.pdf
https://www.donluc.com/luc/

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Don Luc

Project #28 – Sensors – Water Sensor – Mk26

January 28, 2026 by DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Water #FireBeetle2ESP32E #ESP32 #Display #IoT #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

Crowtail – Water Sensor 2.0

The water sensor detects the presence of water using a series of exposed, grounded traces, including the sensor traces. These traces have a weak pull-up resistance of 1 M?. This resistance will raise the value of the sensor trace until a drop of water causes a short circuit between the sensor trace and the grounded trace. The amount of water-induced contact between the grounded and sensor traces can be detected using the digital I/O pins.

DL2601Mk04

1 x DFRobot FireBeetle 2 ESP32-E
1 x Fermion: 3.5” 480×320 TFT LCD Capacitive
1 x GDL Line 10 CM
1 x Crowtail – Water Sensor 2.0
1 x Crowtail – LED Green
1 x Gravity: IO Shield for FireBeetle 2
1 x Terminal Block Board for FireBeetle 2 ESP32-E IoT
1 x Lithium Ion Battery – 1000mAh
1 x Micro USB Cable

DL2601Mk04p

DL2601Mk04p.ino

/****** Don Luc Electronics © ******
Software Version Information
Project #28 – Sensors – Water Sensor – Mk26
28-26
DL2601Mk04p.ino
DL2601Mk04
1 x DFRobot FireBeetle 2 ESP32-E
1 x Fermion: 3.5” 480x320 TFT LCD Capacitive
1 x GDL Line 10 CM
1 x Crowtail - Water Sensor 2.0
1 x Crowtail - LED Green
1 x Gravity: IO Shield for FireBeetle 2
1 x Terminal Block Board for FireBeetle 2 ESP32-E IoT
1 x Lithium Ion Battery - 1000mAh
1 x Micro USB Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// EEPROM Library to Read and Write EEPROM with Unique ID for Unit
#include "EEPROM.h"
// Wire
#include <Wire.h>
// Arduino
#include "Arduino.h"
// DFRobot Display GDL API
#include <DFRobot_GDL.h>

// Water Sensor
// LED Green
int iLEDG = D11;
// Water
int iWater =  D10;
int iWaterState = 0;
String sW = "";

// Defined ESP32
#define TFT_DC  D2
#define TFT_CS  D6
#define TFT_RST D3

/*dc=*/ /*cs=*/ /*rst=*/
// DFRobot Display 320x480
DFRobot_ILI9488_320x480_HW_SPI screen(TFT_DC, TFT_CS, TFT_RST);

// Software Version Information
// EEPROM Unique ID Information
#define EEPROM_SIZE 64
String uid = "";

// Software Version Information
String sver = "28-26";

void loop() {
  
  // Water Sensor
  isWater();

  // isDisplay Water
  isDisplayWater();

  // Delay 1 Second
  delay( 1000 );

}

getDisplay.ino

// DFRobot Display 320x480
// DFRobot Display 320x480 - UID
void isDisplayUID(){

  // DFRobot Display 320x480
  // Text Display
  // Text Wrap
  screen.setTextWrap(false);
  // Rotation
  screen.setRotation(3);
  // Fill Screen => black
  screen.fillScreen(0x0000);
  // Text Color => white
  screen.setTextColor(0xffff);
  // Font => Free Sans Bold 12pt
  screen.setFont(&FreeSansBold12pt7b);
  // TextSize => 1.5
  screen.setTextSize(1.5);
  // Don Luc Electronics
  screen.setCursor(0, 30);
  screen.println("Don Luc Electronics");
  // SD
  screen.setCursor(0, 60);
  screen.println("Water Sensor");
  // Version
  screen.setCursor(0, 90);
  screen.println("Version");
  screen.setCursor(0, 120);
  screen.println( sver );
  // EEPROM
  screen.setCursor(0, 150);
  screen.println("EEPROM");
  screen.setCursor(0, 180);
  screen.println( uid );

}
// isDisplayWater
void isDisplayWater(){

  // DFRobot Display 320x480
  // Text Display
  // Text Wrap
  screen.setTextWrap(false);
  // Rotation
  screen.setRotation(3);
  // Fill Screen => white
  screen.fillScreen(0xffff);
  // Text Color => blue
  screen.setTextColor(0x001F);
  // Font => Free Sans Bold 12pt
  screen.setFont(&FreeSansBold12pt7b);
  // TextSize => 1.5
  screen.setTextSize(1.5);
  // Water Sensor
  screen.setCursor(0, 30);
  screen.println("Water Sensor");
  // Accelerometer X
  screen.setCursor(0, 60);
  screen.println( "Water State" );
  screen.setCursor(0, 90);
  screen.println( sW );

}

getEEPROM.ino

// isUID EEPROM Unique ID
void isUID()
{
  
  // Is Unit ID
  uid = "";
  for (int x = 0; x < 7; x++)
  {
    uid = uid + char(EEPROM.read(x));
  }
  
}

getWater.ino

// Water Sensor
// is Water
void isWater(){

// Read the State of the Water Sensor value:
  iWaterState = digitalRead(iWater);

  // check if rainning.
  // if it is, the waterState is LOW
  if (iWaterState == LOW) {     
    
    // Turn LED HIGH
    digitalWrite(iLEDG, HIGH);
    sW = "HIGH";

  } 
  else {
    
    // Turn LED LOW
    digitalWrite(iLEDG, LOW);
    sW = "LOW";
    
  }

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup()
{
 
  // Delay
  delay( 100 );

   // EEPROM Size
  EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);
  
  // EEPROM Unique ID
  isUID();

  // Delay
  delay( 100 );
 
  // DFRobot Display 320x480
  screen.begin();

  // Delay
  delay( 100 );
  
  // Water Sensor
  // LED Green 
  pinMode(iLEDG, OUTPUT);
  // Water
  pinMode(iWater, INPUT);

  // Delay
  delay( 100 );

  // DFRobot Display 320x480 - UID
  // Don Luc Electronics
  // Version
  // EEPROM
  isDisplayUID();

  // Delay 5 Second
  delay( 5000 );

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Consultant, R&D, Electronics, IoT, Teacher and Instructor

Programming Language
Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Arm, Silicon Labs, Espressif, Etc…)
IoT
Wireless (Radio Frequency, Bluetooth, WiFi, Etc…)
Robotics
Automation
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank , Underwater and UAV Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial, Marine and UAV
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
RTOS
Sensors, eHealth Sensors, Biosensor, and Biometric
Research & Development (R & D)
Consulting

Follow Us

Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2026
https://www.donluc.com/luc/LucPaquinCVEng2026Mk01.pdf
https://www.donluc.com/luc/

Don Luc

Project #28 – Sensors – MQ-135 Gas Sensor – Mk22

December 31, 2025 by DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #MQ135 #ArduinoUNOR4 #Display #IoT #Project #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

MQ-135 Gas Sensor

The gas sensing material used in the MQ135 gas sensor is tin dioxide (SnO2), which has low conductivity in clean air. When there is polluted gas in the environment where the sensor is located, the conductivity of the sensor increases with the increase of the concentration of polluted gas in the air. The MQ135 gas sensor has a high sensitivity to ammonia, sulfide, and benzene-based vapors, and is ideal for monitoring smoke and other harmful gases. This sensor can detect a variety of harmful gases and is a low-cost sensor suitable for a variety of applications.

DL2512Mk05

1 x Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
1 x Adafruit SHARP Memory Display Breakout – 1.3″ 168×144 Monochrome
1 x MQ-135 Gas Sensor
1 x USB Battery Pack
1 x USB 3.0 to Type-C Cable

DL2512Mk05p

DL2512Mk05p.ino

/****** Don Luc Electronics © ******
Software Version Information
Project #28 – Sensors – MQ-135 Gas Sensor – Mk22
28-22
DL2512Mk05p.ino
DL2512Mk05
1 x Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
1 x Adafruit SHARP Memory Display Breakout - 1.3" 168x144 Monochrome
1 x MQ-135 Gas Sensor
1 x USB Battery Pack
1 x USB 3.0 to Type-C Cable
*/

// Include the Library Code
// MQ-135 Unified
#include <MQUnifiedsensor.h>
// SHARP Memory Display
#include <Adafruit_SharpMem.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

// MQ-135 Unified
#define placa "Arduino UNO R4 WiFi"
#define Voltage_Resolution 5
#define pin A0              
#define type "MQ-135"        
#define ADC_Bit_Resolution 10  
#define RatioMQ135CleanAir 3.6  
MQUnifiedsensor MQ135(placa, Voltage_Resolution, ADC_Bit_Resolution, pin, type);
float fV;
float fPPM;
 
// SHARP Memory Display
// any pins can be used
#define SHARP_SCK  13
#define SHARP_MOSI 11
#define SHARP_SS   10
// Set the size of the display here, e.g. 144x168!
Adafruit_SharpMem display(SHARP_SCK, SHARP_MOSI, SHARP_SS, 144, 168);
// The currently-available SHARP Memory Display (144x168 pixels)
// requires > 4K of microcontroller RAM; it WILL NOT WORK on Arduino Uno
// or other <4K "classic" devices!  The original display (96x96 pixels)
// does work there, but is no longer produced.
#define BLACK 0
#define WHITE 1

// Software Version Information
String sver = "28-22";

void loop() {
  
  // MQ135
  isMQ135();

  // isDisplayMQ135
  isDisplayMQ135();

  // Delay
  delay( 1000 );
  
}

getDisplay.ino

// Adafruit SHARP Memory Display
// Adafruit SHARP Memory Display - UID
void isDisplayUID(){

  // text display
  display.setRotation(4);
  display.setTextSize(3);
  display.setTextColor(BLACK);
  display.setCursor(0,2);
  display.println( "Don Luc" );
  //display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setTextColor(BLACK);
  display.setCursor(0,35);
  display.println( sver );
  display.refresh();
  delay( 100 );

}
// isDisplayMQ135
void isDisplayMQ135(){

  // text display MQ135
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setRotation(4);
  display.setTextSize(3);
  display.setTextColor(BLACK);
  display.setCursor(0,0);
  display.println( "MQ135" );
  display.setCursor(0,35);
  display.println( "Volt" );
  display.setCursor(0,65);
  display.println( fV );
  display.setCursor(0,95);
  display.println( "PPM" );
  display.setCursor(0,125);
  display.print( fPPM );
  display.refresh();
  delay( 100 );
  
}

getMQ135.ino

// MQ-135 Unified
// is MQ135
void isMQ135(){

  // MQ-135 Unified Analog
  MQ135.update();
  // Volt
  fV = MQ135.getVoltage();
  // PPM
  fPPM = MQ135.readSensor() + 400;

}

setup.ino

// Setup
void setup()
{
 
  // Delay
  delay( 100 );
  // Delay
  delay( 100 );
  
  // SHARP Display start & clear the display
  display.begin();
  display.clearDisplay();

  // Delay
  delay(100);

  // MQ-135 Unified
  // PPM =  a*ratio^b
  MQ135.setRegressionMethod(1);
  MQ135.setA(110.47);
  MQ135.setB(-2.862);
  MQ135.init();

  //Calibración
  float calcR0 = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    
    // Analog
    MQ135.update();
    calcR0 += MQ135.calibrate(RatioMQ135CleanAir);

  }
  
  MQ135.setR0(calcR0 / 10);
  
  // Delay 2 Second
  delay( 2000 );

  // Don Luc Electronics
  // Version
  isDisplayUID();

  // Delay 5 Second
  delay( 5000 );

}

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Consultant, R&D, Electronics, IoT, Teacher and Instructor

Programming Language
Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Arm, Silicon Labs, Espressif, Etc…)
IoT
Wireless (Radio Frequency, Bluetooth, WiFi, Etc…)
Robotics
Automation
Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank , Underwater and UAV Vehicle
Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial, Marine and UAV
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
RTOS
Sensors, eHealth Sensors, Biosensor, and Biometric
Research & Development (R & D)
Consulting

Follow Us

Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2026
https://www.donluc.com/luc/

Don Luc

Project #15: Environment – Arduino UNO R4 WiFi – Mk34

October 8, 2025 by DonLuc

——

#DonLucElectronics #DonLuc #Environment #DHT11 #ArduinoUNOR4 #Project #IoT #Fritzing #Programming #Electronics #Microcontrollers #Consultant

——

Arduino UNO R4 WiFi

The new Arduino UNO R4 development board UNO R4 WiFi. It runs on the Renesas RA4M1 (Arm Cortex®-M4) processor with a clock speed of 48MHz, which provides a 3x increase over the UNO R3. In addition to that, the SRAM has been upgraded from 2kB to 32kB and the flash memory has been increased from 32kB to 256kB to accommodate to more complex projects. Furthermore, in response to requests from the Arduino community, the USB port has been upgraded to USB-C and the maximum power supply voltage has been increased to 24V. The board provides a CAN bus, allowing users to minimize wiring and perform different tasks by connecting multiple extension boards. Finally, the new board also includes a 12-bit analog DAC. The WiFi version comes with an Espressif S3 WiFi module, expanding creative opportunities for makers, educators, and hobbyists alike. Based on the success of UNO R3, the UNO R4 board is the ideal prototype and learning tool for anyone. While retaining the well-known features of the UNO series, such as standard form factor, shield compatibility, 5V voltage, and robustness, new features have been added.

DL2509Mk03

1 x Arduino UNO R4 WiFi
1 x Adafruit SHARP Memory Display Breakout – 1.3″ 168×144 Monochrome
1 x Gravity: DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor
1 x USB Battery Pack
1 x USB 3.1 Cable A to C

DL2509Mk03p

DL2508Mk03p.ino

/****** Don Luc Electronics © *****Software Version Information Project #15: Environment - Arduino UNO R4 WiFi - Mk34 15-34 DL2509Mk03.ino DL2509Mk03 1 x Arduino UNO R4 WiFi 1 x Adafruit SHARP Memory Display Breakout - 1.3" 168x144 Monochrome 1 x Gravity: DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor 1 x USB Battery Pack 1 x USB 3.1 Cable A to C */ // Include the Library Code // DHT11 #include <DHT11.h> // SHARP Memory Display #include <Adafruit_SharpMem.h> #include <Adafruit_GFX.h> // DHT11 #define DHT11PIN 2 DHT11 dht11(DHT11PIN); int temperature = 0; int humidity = 0; // SHARP Memory Display // any pins can be used #define SHARP_SCK 13 #define SHARP_MOSI 11 #define SHARP_SS 10 // Set the size of the display here, e.g. 144x168! Adafruit_SharpMem display(SHARP_SCK, SHARP_MOSI, SHARP_SS, 144, 168); // The currently-available SHARP Memory Display (144x168 pixels) // requires > 4K of microcontroller RAM; it WILL NOT WORK on Arduino Uno // or other <4K "classic" devices! The original display (96x96 pixels) // does work there, but is no longer produced. #define BLACK 0 #define WHITE 1 // Software Version Information String sver = "15-34"; void loop() { // DHT11 isDHT11(); // isDT11 Display isDisplayDHT(); // Delay 1 Second delay( 1000 ); }

getDHT.ino

// DHT11 // isDHT11 void isDHT11(){ // Attempt to read the temperature and humidity values from the DHT11 sensor. int result = dht11.readTemperatureHumidity(temperature, humidity); }

getDisplay.ino

// Adafruit SHARP Memory Display // Adafruit SHARP Memory Display - UID void isDisplayUID(){ // text display display.setRotation(4); display.setTextSize(3); display.setTextColor(BLACK); display.setCursor(0,2); display.println( "Don Luc" ); //display.setTextSize(2); display.setTextColor(BLACK); display.setCursor(0,35); display.println( sver ); display.refresh(); delay( 100 ); } // isDHT11 Display void isDisplayDHT(){ // text display Date and Time display.clearDisplay(); display.setRotation(4); display.setTextSize(3); display.setTextColor(BLACK); display.setCursor(0,0); display.println( "Temp (C)" ); display.setCursor(0,35); display.print( temperature ); display.setCursor(45,35); display.println( "C" ); //display.setTextSize(3); //display.setTextColor(BLACK); display.setCursor(0,65); display.println( "Hum (%)" ); display.setCursor(0,95); display.print( humidity ); display.setCursor(45,95); display.println( "%" ); display.refresh(); delay( 100 ); }

setup.ino

// Setup void setup() { // Delay delay(100); // SHARP Display start & clear the display display.begin(); display.clearDisplay(); // Delay delay( 100 ); // Display - UID // Don Luc Electronics // Version isDisplayUID(); // Delay 5 Second delay( 5000 ); }

——

People can contact us: https://www.donluc.com/?page_id=1927

Consultant, R&D, Electronics, IoT, Teacher and Instructor

Programming Language

Single-Board Microcontrollers (PIC, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Arm, Silicon Labs, Espressif, Etc…)

IoT

Wireless (Radio Frequency, Bluetooth, WiFi, Etc…)

Robotics

Automation

Camera and Video Capture Receiver Stationary, Wheel/Tank , Underwater and UAV Vehicle

Unmanned Vehicles Terrestrial, Marine and UAV

Machine Learning

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

RTOS

Sensors, eHealth Sensors, Biosensor, and Biometric

Research & Development (R & D)

Consulting

Follow Us

Luc Paquin – Curriculum Vitae – 2024
https://www.donluc.com/luc/

Web: https://www.donluc.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/neosteam.labs.9/
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LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jlucpaquin/

Don Luc

Categories #15 - Environment, Arduino, Arduino, Consultant, Digital Electronics, Microcontrollers, Program, Program Arduino, Projects Tags Arduino, Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, Battery, Components, Consultant, Display, Electronics, Environment, ESP32, Fritzing, Microcontrollers, Programming, Project, Technology, Video Blog, Vlog Leave a comment